right form of verb


THE RULES OF USING RIGHT FORMS OF VERBS

একটি English Sentence গঠন করার জন্য verb-এর সঠিক ব্যবহার জানা খুবই জরুরি।

Sentence-এ কীভাবে verb এর সঠিক ব্যবহার করতে হয় তা নিচে আলোচনা করা হলো:

01. Subject singular হলে verb ও singular হয়। যেমন:

I ----- (be) a student of class 6.
Ans: I am a student of class 6.

He ----- (play) football
Ans: He plays football [He হচ্ছে ৩rd person Singular Number]

02. Subject plural হলে verb plural হয়। যেমন:

The people of our country ------ (be) very hospitable.
Ans: The people of our country are very hospitable.

They ------ (know) how to swim.
Ans: They know how to swim. [They হচ্ছে ৩rd Person Plural Number]
N.B.
Singular Plural
am, is are
was were
has have

03. দুটি singular subject যদি conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত হয় তবে verb plural হয়।

Rina and Bina ----- (be) two sisters.
Ans: Rina and Bina are two sisters.

04. Present Indefinite tense-এ Subject যদি ৩rd person singular number হয় তবে verb-এর সাথে ‘s’ বা ‘es’ যোগ হয়। যেমন:

He always ----- (speak) the truth.
Ans: He always speaks the truth.

05. Sentence-এ now, at this moment, at present ইত্যাদি থাকলে এবং বর্তমান চলমান কোনো কাজ বুঝালে verb-এর present continuous tense হয়। যেমন:

Now we ----- (live) in an age of science.
Ans: Now we are living in an age of science.

06. Sentence-এ Now, has, had থাকলে এর পর verb-এর Past Participle form হয়। যেমন:

Anika has ----- (write) a letter to her mother.
Ans: Anika has written a letter to her mother.

07. Sentence-এ যদি always, everyday, normally, sometimes, often, regularly, daily, generally ইত্যাদি থাকে, verb সাধারণত Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:

Rony always ----- (feel) tension.
Ans: Rony always feels tension.

08. Universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) বোঝালে verb সর্বদা Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:

The earth ----- (move) round the sun.
Ans: The Earth moves round the sun.

09. Already, ever, just, just now, recently, yet, lately ইত্যাদি থাকলে সাধারণত Present Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন:

I already ----- (forget) his name.
Ans: I have already forgot his name.

10. Yesterday, last night, last month, last week, last year ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb-এর Simple Past Tense হয়। যেমন:

She ----- (arrive) there yesterday.
Ans: She arrived there yesterday.



11. Modal auxiliaries যেমন: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, must ইত্যাদির পর verb-এর base form হয়। যেমন:

It may ----- (rain) today.
Ans: It may rain today.

12. Interrogative sentence-এ এর পূর্বে auxiliary verb বসে এবং subject-এর পরে মূল verb বসে। যেমন:

What you ----- (like)?
Ans: What do you like?

13. Before-এর প্রথম অংশ Past perfect Tense হলে পরে অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়। আর after-এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরে অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন:

The doctor ----- (come) before the patient died.
Ans: The doctor had come before the patient died.

The doctor came after the patient ----- (die)
Ans: The doctor came after the patient had died.

14. If-যুক্ত clause (sub-ordinate clause)-টি Present Indefinite Tense হলে clause (principal clause)-টি Future Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন:

If you read attentively, you ----- (make) a good result.
Ans: If you read attentively, you will make a good result.

15. If-যুক্ত clause (subordinate clause)-টি Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরবর্তী clause (principal clause)-টি Future in the past অর্থাৎ subject + would/could/might + bracket-এর verb-টির Present form হয়। যেমন:

If he wanted, I ----- (help) him.
Ans: If he wanted, I would help him.

16. If-যুক্ত clause (subordinate clause)-টি Past Perfect Tense হলে পরবর্তী clause (principal clause)-টি Perfect Conditional হয় অর্থাৎ subject + would have/might have + bracket-এর verb-এর Past participle form হয়। যেমন:

If I had been a king, I ----- (help) the poor.
Ans: If I had been a king, I would have helped the poor.

17. Lest -যুক্ত Sentence-এর পরে subject থাকলে তারপরে should/might এবং তার পরে verb-এর base form হয়। যেমন:

He walked fast lest he ----- (miss) the train.
Ans: He walked fast lest he should miss the train.

18. দুটি singular noun যদি একটি বস্তু বা ব্যক্তি বোঝায় তবে verb singular হয়। অর্থাৎ এদের প্রথমটির পূর্বে যদি article থাকে তবে দুটোর verb singular হয়। যেমন:

The horse and carriage ----- (be) at the gate.
Ans: The horse and carriage is at the gate.

19. Every, each, any, everyone, someone, anything, nothing, no ইত্যাদি যদি Subject হিসেবে কাজ করে তবে verb singular হয়। যেমন:

Every flower and every fruit ----- (be) the gift of God.
Ans: Every flower and every fruit is the gift of God.

20. যদি ভিন্ন Number/Person-যুক্ত subject 'and' দিয়ে যুক্ত হয় তাহলে verb plural হয়। যেমন:

You, he and I ----- (be) friends.
Ans: You, he and I are friends.



21. Collective Noun সমষ্টিবাচক অর্থে singular verb হয়। কিন্তু পৃথক পৃথক সদস্য বোঝালে verb plural হয়।

The army ----- (be) forced to flee.
Ans: The army was forced to flee.

The Committee ----- (divide) in their decisions.
Ans: The Committee are divided in their decisions.

22. কিছু কিছু Noun আছে যেগুলো plural মনে হলেও তারা প্রকৃত অর্থে singular verb-কে নির্দেশ করে। যেমন: news, wages, politics, civics, statistics, mathematics

The news ----- (be) false.
Ans: The news is false.

23. কিছু কিছু Noun আছে যাদের দেখতে singular মনে হলেও তারা plural verb-কে নির্দেশ করে। যেমন: people, police, dozen, cattle, gentry, folk, poultry ইত্যাদি।

The police ----- (be) the friends of people.
Ans: The police are the friends of people.

24. ‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এর পরে সময় উল্লেখ থাকলে Sentence-টি Present perfect continuous Tense হয়। যেমন:

It ----- (rain) since morning.
Ans: It has been raining since morning.

25. To be verb (am, is, are, was, were)-এর পরে Passive voice-এ মূল verb-এর past participle হয়। যেমন:

English is ----- (speak) all over the world.
Ans: English is spoken all over the world.

26. Not only….. but also– এর পরে শেষের subject অনুযায়ী verb হয়। যেমন:

Not only Nora but also her friends ------ (go) there.
Ans: Not only Nora but also her friends are going there.

27. কোনো sentence-এ নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ, দৈর্ঘ্য, দূরত্ব বুঝাতে verb সর্বদা singular হয়। যেমন:

Five miles ----- (be) a long distance.
Ans: Five miles is a long distance.

28. There এর ক্ষেত্রে subject-এর number ও person অনুযায়ী verb singular ও plural হয়। যেমন:

There ----- (be) a book on the table.
Ans: There is/was a book on the table.

29. Cannot help, cannot bear, be used to, get used to, worth, with a view to, look forward to, feel like, would you mind, prefer to, addicted to, devoted to ইত্যাদির পরে verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। যেমন:

I cannot help ----- (laugh)
Ans: I cannot help laughing.

30. It is time, It is high time দিয়ে কোনো sentence শুরু হলে পরে অংশটি past Indefinite বা Simple Past Tense হয়। যেমন:

It is time you ----- (leave) the room.
Ans: It is time you left the room.



31. I wish, I fancy দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে এর পরে অংশটি Past Indefinite হয়। এ ক্ষেত্রে ‘Be verb’-এর ক্ষেত্রে ‘were’ ব্যবহৃত হয় সবকিছু ক্ষেত্রে। যেমন:

I wish I ----- (swim)
Ans: I wish I swam.

32. Would that এর পরে subject এর Past form হয়। বিশেষভাবে Could বলে। যেমন:

Would that I ----- (fly) like a bird.
Ans: Would that I could fly like a bird.

33. Since-যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ যদি Present Indefinite Tense বা Present Perfect Tense থাকে এবং since এর পরের অংশটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়। কিন্তু যদি প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়, তাহলে since এর পরের অংশটি Past Perfect Tense হয়। যেমন:

Many years have passed since I ----- (visit) India.
Ans: Many years have passed since I visited India.

Ten years passed since I ----- (meet) her.
Ans: Ten years passed since I had met her.

34. As though/as if-এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয় এবং “be” verb ব্যবহৃত হলে সর্বদা “were” হয়। আবার যদি প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয় তবে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয় অর্থাৎ “be” verb ব্যবহৃত হলে “had been” ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন:

She speaks as though she ----- (know) everything.
Ans: She speaks as though she knew everything.

35. Bare Infinitive (let, make, see, behold, watch, hear, bid, need, dare, feel, cannot but, used to) Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, must) would rather, had better, have to, has to, am to, is to, are to, ইত্যাদির পরে verb-টি present form হয়। যেমন:

I let him ----- (go) there.
Ans: I let him go there.

I cannot but ----- (shed) tears.
Ans: I cannot but shed tears.

36. As soon as দ্বারা কোনো Complex sentence আরম্ভ হলে sentence এর উত্তর Clause-এ Past Indefinite Simple Past Tense হয়। যেমন:

As soon as I ----- (think) about her, she ----- (call) me.
Ans: As soon as I thought about her she called me.

37. ‘Having’ ও ‘to be’ এর পরবর্তী Verb Past Participle form হয়। যেমন:

The rain having ----- (stop), we went out.
Ans: The rain having stopped, we went out.

38. Adjective এর পূর্বে Determiner না যুক্ত হলে verb-টি plural হয়। যেমন- brave, poor, rich. এই Adjective এর পূর্বে Determiner না বসালে তারা সমাজের বিশেষ শ্রেণির অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন:

The brave ----- (be) free from cowardice.
Ans: The brave are free from cowardice.

The poor ----- (be) not always unhappy.
Ans: The poor are not always unhappy.

39. Singular Subject, Plural Noun দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে verb টি Singular হয়। যেমন:

One of the boys ----- (be) brave.
Ans: One of the boys is brave.

Each of the girls ----- (be) not happy.
Ans: Each of the girls was not happy.

40. Will you mind/ Would you mind/ I don't mind থাকলে পরের verb এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। যেমন:

Would you mind ----- (open) the door please!
Ans: Would you mind opening the door plese!.

I don't mind ----- (work) late.
Ans: I don't mind working late.



Important & Exceptional Rules


40. যদি Subject "As well as", "With", "Together with", "Along with" | "As well as", "With", "Together with", "Along with" দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তখন verb টি প্রথম Subject অনুযায়ী হয়। যেমন:

John, as well as Mary, ----- (be) coming to the party.
Ans: John, as well as Mary, is coming to the party.

The teacher, along with the girls, ----- (have) arrived.
Ans: The teacher, along with the students, has arrived.

40. যদি Subject "Accompanied by", "Excluding", "Including", "Except", "But", "In addition", "In collaboration with", "In connection with" | "Accompanied by", "Excluding", "Including", "Except", "But", "In addition", "In collaboration with", "In connection with" দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তখন verb টি প্রথম Subject অনুযায়ী হয়। যেমন:

John, as well as Mary, ----- (be) coming to the party.
Ans: John, as well as Mary, is coming to the party.

The teacher, along with the girls, ----- (have) arrived.
Ans: The teacher, along with the students, has arrived.

41. Sentence এ Subject তিনটি Pronoun I, you , they থাকলে বাক্যটি সাধারণ বোঝালে 231 এবং দোষ বোঝালে 123 নিয়মে Sentence লিখতে হয় এবং Subject Prural হয় । যেমন:

I, they and you ----- (be) friends.
Ans: You, they and I are.

You, they and I ----- (be) guilty.
Ans: I, you and they are gulilty.